Study finds increased risk of unnatural death to people with epilepsy

Posted April 11th 2018

A new study has shown that people diagnosed with epilepsy in England and Wales are at increased risk of dying from suicide and accidents.

Mae’r cynnwys hwn ar gael yn Saesneg yn unig.

Though the risks of dying unnaturally for people with epilepsy are low in absolute terms (0.3-0.5%), they are higher than in people without epilepsy says Dr Hayley Gorton from The University of Manchester.

Researchers at the University of Manchester and the National Centre for Mental Health, Swansea University, analysed data from 14,051 people with epilepsy compared to 279,365 individuals without epilepsy in Wales and 44,678 people with epilepsy compared to 891,429 persons without epilepsy in England.

The data shows that compared to people without epilepsy, people with epilepsy are specifically:

• Twice as likely to die by suicide
• Three times more likely to die accidentally
• Five times more likely to die specifically by accidental medication poisoning
• Three and a half times as likely to die by intentional medication poisoning

Opioid painkillers and medicines for mental illness were most commonly taken in fatal poisonings among people with and without epilepsy, whereas fatal overdoses involving antiepileptic drugs were comparatively rare. Antiepileptic drugs were involved in about 10% of poisoning deaths among people with epilepsy.

Dr Gorton said: “Though unnatural death occurs rarely among all groups in the population, people with epilepsy are almost three times more likely to die from any unnatural cause than those without the condition.

“We already know that people with epilepsy are at increased risk of dying prematurely, but such a detailed examination of specific types of unnatural death has not been carried out until now.

“However, the direct causes of these increased mortality risks are not yet fully understood. And though the paper identifies an association between mortality and epilepsy, we cannot say for certain what causal mechanisms are implicated.”

Dr Gorton added: “Because of these risks, it’s important that people with epilepsy are adequately warned so they can take measures to prevent accidents.

Professor Ann John, a Principle Investigator at NCMH said:

It’s important for clinicians in general practice and hospitals to ask their patients with epilepsy about suicidal thoughts and behaviour and to continue to monitor these. We would also advise doctors to assess suitability and toxicity of medication when prescribing medicines for other associated conditions to these individuals.

The research was funded by the NIHR and Health and Care Research Wales and published in the journal JAMA Neurology.